ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive women. Nearly 10% of young women in this period involved. Although factors such as Insulin Resistance, hyper insulinemia, obesity and dietary are suggested to be associated with PCOS, cause of PCOS is not completely understood. Dairy products [a key component of the usual diet] of participants can also affect the factors of this disease and may have beneficial effects on treatment of PCOS. However, research in this area is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dairy products consumption and PCOS. This descriptive cross sectional study of 400 women was conducted in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Science, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated by validated food frequency questionnaire. Other variables such as ovarian disease, inherited predisposition, age at menarche, physical activity and history of other diseases were evaluated using questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by a logistic regression test using SPSS software version 15 Predictive analytics software and solutions. There were a significant association between PCOS and ovarian disease [P < 0.001], age [P < 0.001] and using medication [P = 0.001]. Body mass index [BMI] was inversely associated with PCOS, but it was not significant [P = 0.068]. There was a significant direct relationship between milk consumption and risk of PCOS after adjusting for confounding factors [P = 0.028]. The findings of this study indicated that ovarian disease and medication use is directly linked to PCOS. Dairy consumption was not significantly correlated with PCOS. However, after adjustment for confounders, there was an direct relationship between milk consumption and risk of PCOS
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to estimate the average diagnosis and treatment costs of chronic hepatitis B and C, with respect to different therapeutic strategies in Iran. This is a descriptive, analytical, and cross sectional study carried out on patients with hepatitis B and C, who were referred to the Liver Disease Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, in 2011. We have estimated the direct medical costs including doctors' fees, cost of para clinical tests, medical treatments, and liver biopsy, in different treatment strategies. The results of this study showed that the total cost of diagnostic services for hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] patients, with state medical tariffs, was US$ 1499.07 and US$ 2084.89, respectively. The patients' profiles showed that there were currently seven therapeutic strategies available to treat HBV patients. The total cost of treatment strategies varied significantly from US$ 73 to US$ 8256. There were also four main strategies for HCV patients, each of these could be applied in two periods of time. The total cost of these treatment strategies showed a high disc repancy from US$ 242 t o US$ 8256. The results confirmed that the total direct medical cost for an HBV patient in Iran exceeded US$ 5.5 Milliard in 2011. The results implied that the market price of direct medical cost of HBV and HCV patients in Iran is much higher than the estimated state costs. These costs would likely be saved or reduced by effective disease management and early prevention
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus [HCV], Hepatitis B virus [HBV] and Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] among hemophilia and thalassemia patients. Present study was conducted from October 2008 to December 2010 in Isfahan, Iran. One thousand one hundred and sixty adult multi-transfused patients [822 males, 338 females, mean age 22.7 +/- 11.5 years] suffering from beta-thalassemia [n = 545] and hemophilia [n=615] were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained from the patients and were tested for HBs Ag, Anti-HCV Ag and Anti- HIV Ab. HCV positive patients underwent genotype determination. Of 545 thalassemia patients, 312[57.2%] were male and 233 [42.8%] were female. From 615 hemophilia patients, 511[83%] were male and 104 [17%] were female. Chronic hepatitis was detected in 505[82.1%] hemophilia patients of which 495 [98%] were HCV Ab positive and 10 [2%] had HBsAg positive. The prevalence of HCV Ab positive and HBsAg positive in 56 [11%] thalassemia patients with chronic hepatitis was 50 [89.2%] and 6 [10.8%] respectively. None of the thalassemia and hemophilia patients were positive for HIV Ab. History of hepatitis in family is the major risk factors and HCV genotype 1 was the major genotype in our patients. HCV is the major virus of concern in multi-transfused patients. The strategies for prevention of HCV, HBV and HIV and safety of blood products in this respect have indeed been successful
ABSTRACT
Delivery pain is one of the most severe known pains that can be considered a critical experience in lifelong for every woman .Different methods has been introduced for reducing delivery pain such as non pharmacological methods [hypnotism, Acupuncture] and pharmacological methods [systemic drugs, inhalant anesthetics regional anesthesia]. Now, the most popular methods for pain relief in labor is regional anesthesia. The most common techniques are spinal, epidural, para cervical and pudendal anesthesia. The most effective ways for pain relief in labor is spinal and epidural block that Produces a complete pain relief in most women. The purpose of this study is determining the distribution of hypotention as a most common complication of epidural anesthesia in vaginal delivery that can lead to fetal distress and low APGAR score and cesarean section. This is a cross sectional [descriptive-analytic] study and 137 cases were studied. Most of them were 21-30 years old. This study was approved by the local committee of medical ethics. Gestational age was 37-42 weeks .This study was established in fall and winter of year 2003 at Beheshti and Jorjani hospitals. All of them were at the same conditions and all epidural blocks were done with the same anesthesiologist. The data analysis of all cases showed that the distribution of hypotention was 16.1%. Distribution of vertigo was 20.4% .The neonatal APGAR score of those mothers who had hypotention during delivery was [8 +/- 1.23] while APGAR score of those ones who didn't have hypotention was 9 or more [P<0.001]. Hypotension is a common side effect of epidural anesthesia and it can cause fetal distress and low APGAR score, but with infusion 500-1000 CC ringer lactate boxter before anesthesia, can reduce rate of hypotension, prevent hypoxia side effects and low score of APGAR. Of curse 1 degree reduction in APGAR score may be resulted from length of stage II of labor. So epidural anesthesia can be considered as a reliable and safe method for advertising vaginal delivery and reducing the number of unnecessary cesarean section
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hypotension/epidemiology , Hypotension/therapy , Delivery, Obstetric , Anesthesia, Spinal , Fetal Distress/etiology , Apgar Score , Cesarean Section , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Stress urinary incontinence [SUI] is a prevalent medical problem for women especially through escalation of age. Many conservative nonsurgical therapies have been used for management of this problem which will usually be followed by high relapse rates or frequent side effects. Evaluation of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS] in management of genuine SUI has been studied in a few trials. We sought to assess the effectiveness and complications of high frequency TENS in SUI. In a clinical trial, 10 sessions of high frequency TENS with 15 minutes duration every other day were applied for 40 women with genuine SUI. Treatment results were evaluated by SUI severity index at the end of first and sixth months after final session of TENS and they were compared with the baseline index. Seven patients [17.5%] were omitted from the study because of intolerance of TENS. In the remaining 33 patients, there was no sign of any complication. In comparison to baseline, severities of SUI showed significant decrements at first and second post-intervention evaluations [P<0.0001]. There was a significant increase in SUI index from first month to sixth month [P<0.0001]. TENS is a safe and cost-effective method for SUI management but its effectiveness decreases by time